5^th International Conference and Exhibition on Pharmacology and Ethnopharmacology March 23-25, 2017 Orlando, USA

Biography:

N. K. Singh is working as Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India since May, 2003. He is currently a visiting scientist to USDA-ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Edinburg, Texas, USA under the Raman Post-Doctoral Fellowship by University Grants Commission, New Delhi. He has contributed significantly in detection of acaricide resistance status and its underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms in cattle tick; and development of herbal acaricide. Besides 34 accession numbers obtained from Genbank, NCBI, he has published 104 research articles in national and international journals, 33 extension articles, authored one book along with 10 laboratory manuals.

Abstract:

Ticks and tick-borne diseases are a major constraint for the sustainable cattle industry in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The developments of resistance to most of the commonly used acaricides lead to an attempt to screen herbal products and their combinations for their possible acaricidal activity to develop an eco-friendly tick control alternative. Essentria^® IC-3 insect concentrate for crawling and flying insect pests contains rosemary oil (10%), geraniol (5%) and peppermint oil (2%), and acts on target pests by octopamine blocker technology. Essentria and its active components were evaluated for acaricidal activity against acaricide resistant (Yucatan and El Zamora) and susceptible strains (Deutch) of cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus by Larval Packet test (LPT) using 14-21 days old unfed larvae. The efficacy was assessed by measuring percent larval mortality and estimating lethal concentrations at 50% (LC₅₀) and 95% (LC₉₅) with 95% confidence limits (CL) using probit analysis. A concentration-dependent mortality response was observed with Essentria and geraniol whereas; rosemary oil and peppermint oil failed to produce such response against any tick strain. The LC₅₀ and LC₉₅ (95% CL) values of Essentria and geraniol against Deutch strain were 0.55% (0.55-0.56) and 0.10% (0.98-0.10), and 0.59% (0.58-0.60) and 0.11% (0.10-0.11), respectively. Interestingly, the acaricide resistant strains showed resistance to Essentria with resistance factor (RF) of 1.49 (Yucatan) and 2.20 (Fipronil resistant) but against geraniol, susceptibility similar to susceptible (Duetch) strain was also recorded in resistant strains. We report resistance against a herbal acaricide in cattle tick for the first time, possibly due to cross-resistance to fipronil.

Biography:

Phila Raharivelomanana, Chemist (Ph.D.-Chemistry), now is a Full professor of Chemistry at the University of French Polynesia. She obtained her PhD diploma in Molecular Chemistry at the University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis (France) in 1992. She has more than 20 years of experience in phytochemical science research. When she joined the UPF in the 1990s, she was one of the pioneer researchers working in phytochemistry of Polynesian plants. Then, she focused to medicinal plant investigation aiming at a better understanding of ethnopharmacological aspects. She is a member of the Editorial advisory board of Natural Product Communications journal.

Abstract:

Marquesas islands (French Polynesia), have a strong culture which is still very conspicuous today. Natural fragrance is an important characteristic of Marquesan beauty concern, flowers and fragrant plants being omnipresent in traditional cosmetic preparations. This study, the first specific inquiries on the French Polynesian “cosmetopoeia”, is based on ethnobotanical investigations focusing on traditional cosmetic. Ethnobotanical surveys of Marquesan traditional practitioners were performed in Tahiti and in Nuku Hiva islands. Prior to each interview process, a free and informed consent PIC (Prior Informant Consent) was signed by both interviewer and informant. A semi-directive methodological approach with open-ended questions was performed and allowed to establish a list of cosmetic allegations per target or per use. Survey was based on three standards: application area (hair, body, face), uses (care, protection, hygiene, embellishment and perfume), and ethnobotany. Coconut (Cocos nucifera) is the most used species as a traditional cosmetic ingredient. Ocimum basilicum (basil) and Curcuma longa (turmeric) are the second most important plants. This study allowed to document a list of more than 500 recipes with almost 80 different plant species. For example, for hair care, natural shampoo were mainly constituted of 'ekapuhi plant - shampoo ginger (Zingiber zerumbet), and for baby care, daily bath are given with cooked leaves of Annona muricata (soursop) or other plants. There is a very close link between traditional cosmetic uses (Cosmetopoeia) and pharmaceutical uses (Pharmacopoeia), but compared to pharmacopoeia, cosmetopoeia involves more native species. It symbolizes the practice of a lively heritage in the Marquesas archipelago.

Biography:

Kayoko Shimada-Takaura has completed her PhD at the age of 27 years from Osaka University and then studied as a postdoctoral researcher at School of Medicine in University of South Alabama (AL, USA) for 1 year. She is now Specially Appointed Assistant Professor in the laboratory of Applied Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University. She has published 5 papers as a first author in journals. 

Abstract:

Paeoniae Radix (Latin name for crude drugs) is defined as the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas (: peony in English and Shakuyaku in Japanese) in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. It is one of the most popular herbal medicines and mainly used as sedative, antispasmodic and astringent in Kampo medicine (traditional Japanese medicine) and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Especially in Kampo medicine, herbal medicines are used as prescriptions, the mixture of several kinds of crude drugs. We focused on one of Paeoniae Radix containing Kampo prescription, Tokishakuyakusan (TS) which is frequently used for improvement of blood circulation. We prepared two kinds of TS containing two different kinds of Paeoniae Radix; one is selectively bred strain in Japan for medicinal use and another is Western cultivar. Both of those prescriptions were effective for anemia patients (n=12) as shown by the improvement of several hematological parameters, but those effects were statistically different. We focused on iron, but there were no differences in its content of both prescriptions. We also investigated the state of the iron by analyzing Mössbauer spectra and found the differences in the spectra. In this investigation, we used the traditional form of TS which are composed by the directly powdered crude drugs. We suggested the efficacy of TS for anemia and the relation between the quality of Paeoniae Radix and the clinical effects of the prescription. 

Biography:

Sang Mi Han has completed her PhD from Kyungbook National University and Post-doctoral studies from Kyemyung University School of Medicine. She is the Director of Bee Products Application Laboratory. She has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute

Abstract:

Acne vulgaris is a chronic dermatologic disease with four factors involved in the development of lesions. Treatments need to address as many of these underlying factors as possible in order to reduce acne lesions. As such Purified Bee Venom (PBVTM) serum is an attractive therapeutic option for acne, but little data exists on the efficacy of this treatment strategy. In this prospective, non-comparative study, 30 subjects having mild to moderate acne vulgaris were enrolled and treated with PBVTM serum twice daily for a period of 6 weeks. Clinical evaluation of lesions by expert visual grading and image analysis were made at weeks 0 (baseline), 3 and 6. The average visual acne grade of all volunteers significantly improved with the PBVTM serum treatment at weeks 3 (p<0.05) and 6 (p<0.001) when compared with the baseline grade at week 0. In addition, there was a mean percent improvement of 8.6% and 52.3% in acne grade observed after 3 and 6 weeks of PBVTM serum use, with 20% and 77% of the subjects showing improvement, respectively when compared with baseline. Moreover, the subjects showed improvement in open comedones, closed comedones, papules, pustules and nodules after 3 and 6 weeks of PBVTM serum use. Six (6) weeks of treatment with PBVTM serum was found to be effective in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris, with no incidence of serious side effects or irritation

Biography:

Zhang Li has completed her PhD in 2013 from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. She is a Postdoctor in School of Pharmarcy in Shanghai University of TCM. She has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals

Abstract:

Cervical cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in females worldwide. Nujiangexathone A (NJXA), a novel compound from Garcinia nujiangensis, has been shown to have anti-cancer potential. In this study, the anti-tumor effects and the underlying mechanisms of NJXA action were investigated. Our results suggested that NJXA reduced the viability of HeLa and SiHa cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in cells by down-regulating cyclins B1, E1, and A and cyclin-dependent kinases 2, 4 and 6, while selectively restoring p27. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry revealed that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) was among the most affected proteins upon NJXA treatment. hnRNPK is closely linked to the cell cycle and is highly expressed in several tumors. Our study showed that NJXA reduced the expression of hnRNPK and induced cell cycle arrest through the c-Myc-cyclin/Cdk-Rb-E2F1 pathway. Moreover, in vivo results showed that the i.p. injection of NJXA significantly inhibited tumor growth on day 16 in a nude mouse xenograft model, and NJXA induced no apparent toxicity. Our study suggests that NJXA carries out anti-tumor functions by strongly suppressing the hnRNPK expression that is specifically associated with cell cycle arrest. In conclusion, NJXA is a potential anti-cancer drug candidate, especially for treating cancers with abnormally high hnRNPK expression

Biography:

Edson Lucas dos Santos has completed his PhD at the age of 28 years in 2004 from Federal University of São Paulo and postdoctoral studies from Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. He is associate professor at School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil and Leader of the research group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting applied to metabolism.  He has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals  studying metabolic syndrome, cytotoxicity, antitumor action and prospection of bioactive molecules of natural and synthetic origin.

Abstract:

Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees through the mixture of jaw secretions and the exudate collected from plant materials. This resin is used in the construction, maintenance, and asepsis of the nest . There are records that ancient civilizations, such as the Incas, Greeks, Egyptians, and Romans, used propolis for its therapeutic properties. Propolis from stingless bees Melipona orbigny (mandurí-de-Mato-Grosso) and Tetragonisca fiebrigi (Jataí or abelha-ouro) found in Brazil are used in folk medicine by their nutritional and therapeutic properties. Propolis from stingless bees are well known for its biologic properties; however, few studies have demonstrated these effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of propolis from the stingless bee Melipona orbignyi and Tetragonisca fiebrigi  found in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The chemical composition of the ethanol extracts of propolis (EEPs) these species of bees indicated the presence of aromatic acids, phenolic compounds, alcohols, terpenes and sugars. The EEPs were actives against against American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and hospital strains of bacteria and fungi. The EEPs showed antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting hemolysis and lipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes incubated with an oxidizing agent. Additionally, EEPs promoted cytotoxic activity and primarily necrotic death in K562 erythroleukemia cells. Taken together, these results indicate that propolis from Melipona orbignyi and Tetragonisca fiebrigi have therapeutic potential for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases related to microorganism activity, oxidative stress and tumor cell proliferation.

Biography:

Sen Zhong graduated from the Chongqing Medical University and earned his MD degree in 1994. He switched his research interests from conventional western medicine to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in 2005. In 2008-2015, he was the president of the Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, one of the most prestigious TCM universities in China. Professor Zhong received many awards in the area of both western medicine and TCM. He published a number of original articles or expert reviews and his recent research interests are in TCM for diabetes, diabetic complications, metabolic syndrome, cancer, etc. 

Abstract:

Heat-clearing and detoxicating TCM is the most frequently used category in the treatment of cancerous tumors, but lacks sufficient validation studies. The present research (in our series of studies) aims to explore the anti-angiogenic effects of TCM; so we begin with heat-clearing and detoxicating TCM. Six typical heat-clearing and detoxicating TCM (Philippine Violet Herb, Wild Chrysanthemum, Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb,Chinese Lobelia Herb,Spreading Hedyotis Herband Uni- flower Swisscentaury Root) were decocted, concentrated, sieved and desiccated to attain the water ex- tract. This study utilized the vascular organism research model for Fli1a-EGFP zebrafish, which were raised and maintained under standard conditions. 22hpost-fertilization (hpf) embryos were distributed into 12-well plates for a treatment period of 26h. The TCM water extracts which were diluted in 0.1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), were added to each well at a concentration of 200 μg/ml. The positive control was5 μg/ml PTK787 (vatalanib) and the vehicle control was 0.1% DMSO. At 48hpf larvae were tricaine anesthetized and imaged. To demonstrate if TCM shows angiogenesis defects, ten larvae were randomly chosen to conduct a quantitative assay. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to dissect the mechanisms involved by analyzing the contributions of signaling pathways and molecules concerning angiogenesis, with a total of ten genes examined. All 30 larvae treated with Wild Chrysanthemum, Uniflower Swisscentaury Root and PTK787 showed angiogenesis defects. Embryos treated with Wild Chrysanthemum and Uniflower Swisscentaury Root showed a lower number of complete intersegmental vessels (ISVs) and there was statistically significant differences between TCM and the vehicle control. Wild Chrysanthemum and Uniflower Swisscentaury Root have a higher inhibition rate and the statistical difference between TCM and the vehicle control was significant. Compared with vehicle controls, Wild Chrysanthemum could significantly modulate the relative mRNA expression of all ten genes. Whereas, Uniflower Swisscentaury Root could significantly regulate the relative mRNA expression of seven genes, it did not show a significant impact on the remaining three genes. The present research demonstrates that Wild Chrysanthemum and Uniflower Swisscentaury  Root have anti-angiogenic effects in zebrafish and that they could regulate both proangiogenic mechanisms and negative angiogenesis regulators. Their anti-angiogenic effects result from effects on negative regulators overriding their effects on proangiogenic mechanisms. The results provide new insights into their clinical application and therapeutic potential for the management of angiogenesis-dependent diseases such as cancer. 

Biography:

Luis Manuel Peña Rodríguez researchintersts asre Chemistry of Natural Products: Phytochemistry (detection, isolation and identification of bioactive metabolites produced by medicinal plants); Chemical Ecology (study of the role of secondary metabolites in plant-pathogen and plant-insect interactions; Metabolomics and Biosynthesis.

Abstract:

The historical importance of natural products as new and better pharmaceuticals, or models for them, is evident when we mention products such as taxol, vincristine, or artemisinin. Plants, and particularly medicinal plants, still represent the most important source of bioactive natural products today. Mexico is considered one of the richest countries in terms of biodiversity and in terms of cultural diversity; more than fifty ethnic groups recognize and use more than 3000 plants in their practice of traditional medicine. However, it is believed that less than 5% of these species have been studied in terms of their production of biologically active secondary metabolites. The general objective of the research carried out in our laboratory is to promote the conservation of the biodiversity of the Yucatan Peninsula, by investigating native plants used in Mayan traditional medicine as potential sources of novel and more efficient pharmaceuticals. It has been suggested that discovering natural products with biological activity in little known and less studied plant species, with potential application in economically important areas such as pharmacy and agriculture, could contribute to the protection of biodiversity. This presentation will mention the ethnomedical groups of medicinal plants (antiprotozoal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and against obesity) currently under study in our research group and present some of the chemical structures of a number of recently identified bioactive metabolites

Biography:

Berit Smestad Paulsen completed her PhD from University of London, UK, and returned to School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway, being the base for the rest of her career. She for the major part of her research focused on carbohydrates, especially the high molecular ones, and their biological importance. She has studied the importance of these compounds in medicinal plants from Mali, and also performed various ethnopharmacological studies in Mali. She has published more than 200 papers in reputed journals and has been servig as an editorial board member of various journals. 

Abstract:

Medicinal plants are the major source of drugs in most of the developing countries, and in Mali more than 80% of the population relies on these for the treatment of diseases. Over the years, it has been conducted surveys in several regions of Mali where the focus for some of the interviews were based on what plants where used against wounds of different types, both external and internal. In all cases the healers were using water extracts in their treatments, and due to this it was of interest for us to study the compound being water-soluble, and especially the high molecular weight polysaccharides as they constituted the major part of the water extracts. During our interviews we also found that water extracts were used against diseases like gastric ulcer, malaria and several other ailments where we observed that the immune system might be involved.

Thus, we have studied several plants for their content of polysaccharides with focus on their structures, their effects in immunologically related bioassays and also their structure activity relations. Most of the polysaccharides are of the pectin type with a backbone of the rhamnogalacturonan type I structure with arabinogalactan type I and II structures attached. Enzymatic degradation of the pectins gave rise to fragments that were the object for the determination of the most active parts of the structures.

The presentation will include the description of the plants studied, their traditional uses as well as  discussion on the structures and their importance for the biological effects observed

Biography:

Anil Kumar is currently Professor of Pharmacology, UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh.  Dr. Kumar obtained his postgraduate degree (M. Pharm) and Ph.D degree in the field of Pharmaceutical Sciences with specialization in “Pharmacology” at the Panjab University. Besides, Dr. Kumar has been trained through various international and national training programmes such as BOYSCAST fellowship, IBRO fellowship, School of neuroscience, INSA-Visiting fellowship, IBRO-VLTP, RIKEN Brain Science summer (BSI, Japan) fellowships.  Dr. Anil Kumar has a wide experience of working in the areas of neuroscience, special focus on neurological problems such as Alzheimer diseases, Huntington disease, stress, stroke, sleep and diabetes complications (neuropathy and nephropathy) and related problems. Dr. Kumar’s main aim is to explore various neuroprotective strategies and possible mechanism for these problems. Dr. Kumar’s research hypothesis has been well funded by various national and industrial funding agencies. Dr. Kumar has extensively published his research work (more than 120 research paper with H Index 23, Citation index 2090) in various national and international journals of repute such as British Journal of Pharmacology, Psychopharmacology, Neuroscience, Brain Research, Neurotoxicology, Neuroscience letter etc. Dr. Kumar supervised several postgraduates (>21) and doctoral (> 8) thesis and currently 07 PhD students and 02 postgraduates students are working in his laboratory. 

Abstract:

Introduction- Head injury is a major cause of disability and death. Possible role of neuroinflammation, nitric oxide, microglia and oxidative stress have been suggested in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury related complications such as cognitive dysfunction.

Objective- Therefore, the present study was designed to explore the possible role of ginseng and rutin and its interaction with nitric oxide modulator and microglial inhibitor against experimental of head injury induced behavioral, biochemical and molecular alterations.

Materials and Methods- Wistar rats were exposed to head injury by using weight-drop method. Following injury and a post-injury rehabilitation period of two weeks, animals were administered vehicle/drugs for another two weeks.

Results- Traumatic brain injury caused significant memory impairment in Morris water maze task as evident from increase in escape latency and total distance travelled to reach the hidden platform. Time spent in target quadrant and frequency of appearance in target quadrant was also significantly decreased in head trauma rats. Further, there was a significant increase in oxidative stress (elevated malondialdehyde, nitrite concentration and decreased reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels), neuroinflammation (TNF-α and IL-6) and acetylcholinesterase levels in both cortex and hippocampal regions of traumatized rat brain. Ginseng (100-200 mg/kg), Rutin (20-80) treatment for two weeks significantly attenuated all these behavioral, biochemical and molecular alterations, suggesting their neuroprotective effect. Further, combination of sub effective doses of ginseng (50 and 100 mg/kg) or rutin (40, 80) with microglia inhibitor as well as nitric oxide modulators significantly modulates their protective effect respectively. The present study suggests that these flavanoids produce their neuroprotective effect by involving microglial as well as nitric oxide pathways. Conclusion- The study further provides a hope that these flavanoids could be used effectively for the management of brain traumatic injury and related complication

Biography:

Anamika Mubayi is presently a Research Associate in Dr. G. Watal’s research group. She got her DPhil degree from University of Allahabad, India. She has done MS from the University of Iowa and MSc from CSJM University, Kanpur. She has worked as a Research Assistant at the University of Iowa and Senior Research Associate at IIT Kanpur. She has several publications in international journals and has been awarded ‘Honorable Mention’ award in a conference held at Iowa. She has also attended a nanotechnology based training program at Lausanne, Switzerland

Abstract:

The interdisciplinary scientific rationalization of traditional drugs is of great significance to present civilizations as it has a big role in supporting basic health care needs. Mainly related to treatments associated with aging, prolonged communicable diseases, traditional drugs offer promising alternatives to modern medicines. The latest trend in ethnopharmacology have led to the undiscerning use of chemical products which has given rise to several problems comprising environmental pollution, harmful residues, chemical drugs and resistance against microbes. This has strived exploration into alternate methods. The outcome from the current analysis will definitely give momentum to the area of medicinal plant research to develop viable, efficient and nontoxic substitutes against usual antimicrobial compounds. In this paper, the nanoparticles were synthesized from Moringa oleifera and their antimicrobial activity was assessed. Antimicrobial potential of leaves has been assessed for both the extracts, with and without AgNP, on different strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. Extent of inhibitory effect of both the extracts was assessed by minimum inhibitory concentration method over a concentration range of 0.075-2.4 mg/ml and standard zone of inhibition (ZOI) assay. The nanoparticles showed ZOI against almost all the studied bacteria. The water extract was found to have an antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram-negative strains. The bactericidal effect of nanoparticles is due to their size which helps them to interact with microorganisms and therefore these green nanoparticles help in increasing the antibacterial potential of plants.

Biography:

Abstract:

Multi-targeted therapy is the new approach in IBD therapeutics due to its multifactorial etiology and failure to attain remission with currently available options. In the current study, we assess the pharmacological basis of both the extract and oil of Flaxseed use in IBD and compare their activity profile.

HPLC of the extract revealed the presence of polar compounds with peaks resembling quercetin, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, whereas Flaxseed oil only showed peaks corresponding to non-polar components. Flaxseed oil was more effective in reducing the mortality rate in acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in BALB/c mice at 500 mg/kg dose as compared to Flaxseed extract (Fs.Cr). Flaxseed oil was more effective in reduing the ulcers, whereas, Fs.Cr was more effective in reducing the inflammatory infiltration and reducing goblet cell depletion and increasing the mucin release. Antispasmodic mechanisms of Fs.Cr were mediated by phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitory activity (PDEI) as main mechanism, followed by Ca⁺⁺ antagonist effect, as Fs.Cr dose-dependently inhibited spontaneous, carbachol (CCh) at 3 mg/ml and high K⁺-induced contractions at 5 mg/ml, in isolated rabbit jejunum with higher potency against CCh, similar to that of papaverine, while verapamil was more potent against high K⁺. This was also supported by potentiation of isoprenaline concentration-response curves (CRCs) by pretreatment with low doses of Fs.Cr (0.01 and 0.03 mg/ml). Fs.Cr mediated PDEI activity by inhibiting PDE-4 subtype as pre-treatment of Fs.Cr did not potentiate Rolipram (PDE-4  inhibitor) inhibitory activity against CCh-induced contractions, whereas it potentiated the inhibitory effect of Cilostazol (PDE-3 inhibitor) and zaprinast (PDE-5 inhibitor). Subsequent dose dependent increase in cAMP levels (1 and 3 mg/ml) was also evident similar to papaverine (1 mM and 3 mM doses), further supporting its PDEI effect. Flaxseed oil’s main antispasmodic activity was by K⁺ channel opening (KCO) mechanism (3 mg/ml), followed by a weak PDEI activity as it inhibited CCh-induced contraction at 5 mg/ml. Flaxseed oil was more potent and efficacious bactericidal against enteropathogenic Eschericia.coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC) and enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC) which are implicated in IBD, as they killed these microbes at 9 µg/ml and 14 µg/ml, whereas, Fs.Cr was only cidal against EPEC at a 10 times higher dose than of Flaxseed oil (100 µg/ml), whereas, it had a static mechanism against ETEC and EAEC.

Our results indicate that both Flaxseed oil and Fs.Cr have constituents that are effective against IBD model of mice with different activity profile. Hence, Flaxseed as a whole may produce an augmented response.

Biography:

Abstract:

Fatty foods, the most common diet today are the crux of many metabolic disorders which need urgent attention. Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. (GP, Clusiaceae) is a plant found available in northeast (NE) region of India, is considered to have versatile therapeutic properties. The people of this region have been using dried pulp of GP fruit for the treatment of different stomach related diseases traditionally. This study aimed at evaluating the potential therapeutic action of the polyphenol-rich methanolic extract of the fruit in experimental induced obese rats. In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of GP extracts, i.e. fruit extract (GF) and seed extract (GS) were determined by using various methods viz., 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS^.+), nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) and α-glucosidase inhibition assay for detection of antihyperglycemic activity. In vivo antilipidemic and antiobesity activities were evaluated by administrating oral dose of GF for 60 days on a high-fat diet (HFD) induced hyperlipidemia in rat. GF showed higher antioxidant activity than GS by DPPH radical scavenging (IC50D 4.01 mg/ml), ABTS^.+ (IC₅₀=0.82 µg/ml), NBT (IC₅₀=0.07 µg/ml) and also showed notable α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50=19.26 µg/ml). Furthermore, GF treated rat revealed a reduction in the body weight (~60%), serum total cholesterol (33%), triglycerides (32%), low-density lipoprotein (38%) and liver biomarker enzymes after 60 days HFD fed animals. Simultaneously, GF supplementation significantly protected the HFD induced changes in hematological parameters. Histological observations clearly differentiate the structural changes in liver of HFD and GF treated group. This novel dietary lipid adsorbing agent of GF exhibited prevention of hyperlipidemia induced by HFD in the rat

Biography:

Amanual Getnet Mersha has completed his Medical Doctorate degree from University of Gondar. He is a Lecturer and Research Coordinator at School of Medicine. He is now pursuing a Post-graduation Residency in Gynecology and Obstetrics and is also Chairman of the Anti-drug Addict Movement at University of Gondar. He has conducted more than 3 papers in the area maternal use of herbal remedies which are now submitted for publication to international reputed journals.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Improving maternal and child health is one of the public health priorities in several African countries including Ethiopia. However, research on herbal medicine use during pregnancy is scarce in Ethiopia. The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence and correlates of herbal medicine use among pregnant women on antenatal care (ANC) follow-up at Gondar University Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. 

Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: An institutional-based cross sectional study was conducted on 364 pregnant women attending ANC clinic from March to May 2016 at University of Gondar Referral and Teaching Hospital, northwest Ethiopia. Data on socio-demography, pregnancy related information as well as herbal medicine use was collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine prevalence and associated factors of herbal medicine use. 

Findings: From 364 respondents, 48.6% used herbal medicine during current pregnancy. Ginger (40.7%) and garlic (19%) were the two most commonly used herbs in pregnancy. Common cold (66%) and inflammation (31.6%) were the most common reasons for herbal use. Majority of herbal medicine users (89.8%) had not consulted their doctors about their herbal medicine use. Rural residency (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.15, confidence interval 

(CI): 1.17-6.14), illiteracy (AOR: 4.05, CI: 2.47–6.62) and average monthly income less than 100 USD (AOR: 3.08CI: 1.221-7.77) were found to be strong predictors of herbal medicine use.

Conclusion & Significance: The use of herbal medicine during pregnancy is a common practice and associated with residency, level of education and average monthly income. From the stand point of high prevalence and low disclosure rate, the health care providers should often consult pregnant women regarding herbal medicine use. 

Biography:

Dawit Abate is Associate Professor of Applied Mycology at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. He received his PhD in Fungal Biotechnology from the University of Kaiserslautern, Germany. He has a long-term teaching and research experience in mycology and has served the university as Head of Department of Biology and Dean of Faculty of Life Science. He has been active in applied mycology research with emphasis on fungal fermentation and secondary metabolism, bioactive fungal products, ethnomycology, ethnopharmacology and cultivation of edible and medicinal mushrooms. He has won several research grants and has published extensively in peer reviewed journals. One of his current research activities is on the ergot fungus, ergot alkaloids and ergotism on the Ethiopian highlands.

Abstract:

Ergotism is a current health problem on many areas of the highlands. A few epidemics of ergotism in Ethiopia have been documented in the last few decades, the first one in 1979. The problem continues to date and a multi-purpose research was undertaken. Field studies showed that the problem is prevalent on highlands between 2,500-3,000 m above sea level and where barley and wild oats (Avena abyssinica) are grown as major crops. It was found that A. abyssinica is the only cereal host for the Ethiopian ergot fungus. Based on preliminary mycological studies, the fungus is a variety of Claviceps purpurea. Both gangrenous and convulsive ergotism is apparent in affected communities with symptoms typical of ergotism. The invasion of the ergot fungus and development of the sclerotium in farmers’ fields is unpredictable possibly due to climatic changes. Farmers, unfortunately, are not aware of the source and cause of the problem and the disposing factors for high prevalence and abundance of the sclerotium in their fields in certain years is unclear. It is apparent that a cocktail of toxic ergot alkaloids caused by ingestion of the sclerotium from infected oats is the cause of the problem. It will be interesting to know the quality and quantity of alkaloids present in the sclerotium. There are good reasons to anticipate new ergot alkaloids from the Ethiopian ergot fungus. To solve the problem of ergotism in Ethiopia, an ecological perspective and approach on research and intervention is required

Biography:

Abstract:

Holarrhena pubescens belongs to the family Apocynacea, commonly known as “Kurchi” is highly reputed in traditional medicine as a remedy for amoebic dysentery and other intestinal ailment. Bioassay-directed fractionation of the ethanolic extract of Holarrhena pubescens resulted in the isolation of steroidal alkaloids i.e. holamide and pubscinine. Holamide showed a three proton doublet at 1.45 (J=6.56 Hz) and two AB doubles at 3.17 and 3.00 each for on proton (J=12.06 Hz) in the 1H NMR spectrum suggested that it belongs to conanine series of alkaloid (A class of compound with the steroid nucleus and a five members heterocyclic ring with nitrogen). In contrast, pubscinine showed one methyl at 1.28 while the doublet is missing a three proton singlet was observed at 2.28 due to a vinylic methyl indicated a double bond in the 18,20–epimino ring of the conanine series of alkaloids. In anaesthetized rats, the holamide and pubscinine caused a fall in blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of animals with atropine completely abolished the hypotensive response of acetylcholine; whereas hypotensive effect of holamide and pubscinine were not modified by atropine. Similarly, acetylcholine produced contractile effect in guinea-pig ileum, which was antagonized by atropine, however both (holamide and pubscinine) failed to produce any stimulant response on guinea-pig ileum. These data indicate that the steroidal alkaloids i.e. holamide and pubscinine from Holarrhena pubescens mediated hypotensive response through a mechanism different to that of acetylcholine

Biography:

Abubakar Bello Usman is currently running his masters degree (M.Sc.) in Batany with option in Medicinal Plants at the Biological Sciences Department of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Nigeria where he obtained his bachelor degree in Botany in 2007. He is an Assistant Research Fellow at the Biotechnology Advanced Research Centre, Sheda Science & Technology Complex, Sheda, Abuja-Nigeria.

Abstract:

The use of botanical raw materials to produce pharmaceuticals, herbal remedies, dietary supplements and many  industrial materials constitute an important global resource in terms of healthcare and economy. In Nigeria and other developing countries, the indigenous knowledge on the uses of plants lies maily with the olders who are decreasing in number due to death and other unforeseen occurrences. An Ethno-botanical survey was carried out to obtain information on the ethno medicinall  plants used by the people of Gombe State, North-Eastern Nigeria, in  curing enteric fever. Oral interviews were conducted and 34 informants availed themselves for the interview and were consulted. All relevant information obtained from the respondents was recorded. Valid nomenclature, along with local names, family names, part of the plant(s) used, methods of preparation and administration and 54 plant species belonging to 27 families as well as 7 unidentified species that are commonly used by the people of the state in ethnomedical treatment of the ailment were documented. Those interviewed included traditional practitioners, local herb sellers, traditional rulers, hunters, farmers and patients.  Results showed that the people of Gombe State are knowledgeable on herbal medicine in the treatment of diseases and ailments. However,  further scientific validation of the traditional claims of anti-typhoid properties is imperative. This would establish their candidature for any possible future research for active principles and the possible development of new cheaper and more effective anti-typhoid drugs, as well as in the conservation of this rich diversity of medicinal plants.

Biography:

Pragya Bhardwaj has completed her MSc in Life Science, specialization in Toxicology from CCS University Meeru, India under the supervision of Dr. SVS Rana. At present she is perusing PhD at Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India, under the supervision of Dr. Ashwani Mathur and a Principle Investigator of (DST Women Scientist-A) project under Government of India, Ministry of Science & Technology, New Delhi, India. She has published 2 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Oxidative stress induced neuronal cell deaths are one of the major cause of neurodegenerative diseases. Often such stress can instigate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated neuronal cell apoptosis and necrosis. Previous studies have been focused towards identification of potential neuroprotective agents that can prevent oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell damage. However, availability of various chemotherapeutic agents for alleviating devastating disorder which provide symptomatic relief and may turn ineffective or show adverse drug effect after prolonged use. Alternative source for controlling the progression of such diseases could be plant derived metabolites (phytochemicals) that regulate neuronal malfunction, with slow sustained effect and no side-effects would appear to have significant neuroprotective effects. Several medicinal plants, designated as “Rasayan Drugs” in Ayurveda are reported to have significant influence on brain functions. Bacopa monnieri, a well-documented nootropic plant, is extensively used in herbal formulations for neurological disorder. Bacopa monnieri plant has learning and memory antidepressant activity, anticonvulsive action and antioxidant activity. Therapeutic activities of plant are attributed due to the presence of active phytocompounds viz. saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids. However, variations in active phyto-pharmaceutically important compounds in such formulations often affect their therapeutic efficacy and market acceptance. Current study highlights the comparative cytoprotective potential of field acclimatized and in vitro propagated Bacopa monnieri extracts of different locations on neuronal cell line (HT-22/N2a).

Biography:

Dr. Mizrahi has more than 10 years experience in biotechnology and pharmaceutics and is the author of more than 20 scientific publications in this field. Boaz gained his Ph.D. degree in the group of Prof. Avi Domb at the Hebrew University, where he acquired first-hand experience in the engineering and synthesis of materials for medical uses. 
In 2009 Boaz joined the Robert Langer lab at MIT and the Daniel Kohane lab at Harvard Medical School. His research interest focused on understanding and mimicking principles that nature uses and on designing functional materials based on these concepts. Boaz is the co-inventor of 12 patents, 3 of which were licensed.

Abstract:

The antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of Dead Sea magnesium chloride (MgCl2), citrus oil, and their combination were investigated. This combination is frequently used in several cultures to treat several gum diseases including periodontitis and mouth sores. Citrus oil is composed of monoterpenes, in particular D-limonene, which is known to inhibit growth of bacteria, fungi, and certain parasites. Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro was used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of a mixture of Dead Sea magnesium chloride and citrus oil and of each of the components. A subcutaneous chamber model in mice was used to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of the mixture and the individual components. Leukocyte migration, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) secretion, and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion were determined. Hydrocortisone was used as a positive control. Citrus oil had an antibacterial effect with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 mg/ml, whereas MgCl₂ at concentrations up to 10 mg/ml did not exhibit any antibacterial activity. However, a mixture of 10 mg/ml MgCl₂ and 0.25 mg/ml citrus oil dramatically increased inhibition of bacterial growth. The combination of MgCl₂ and the citrus oil resulted in lower levels of TNF-a and leukocyte migration while maintaining the levels of IL-10 compared to the control. These findings suggest that a mixture of citrus oil and MgCl₂ could be used as a natural antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent.

Biography:

Gjumrakch Aliev, MD, PhD, President “GALLY” International Biomedical Research Institute Inc., San Antonio, Texas, USA. He also hold appointment with the University of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA as a Professor of Cardiovascular, Neuropathology, Gerontology, Health Science and Healthcare Administration, and Leading Researcher in the Institue of Physilogically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia. He received his MD in 1982, from the Baku Medical University (former USSR) with cum laude. Then he accomplished his PhD in Cardiovascular Diseases from the prestigious Russian Academy of the Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia in 1988 with cum laude. He received postdoctoral training with Professor G. Burnstock in the University College of the London. He authored and coauthored more than 500 publications in the fields of neurodegenerative diseases research (Alzheimer disease), as well as cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, cancer, and electron microscopy. He is an outstanding teacher, scholar, and a renowned scientist in the area of cellular molecular physiology, and cardiovascular, and neurodegeneration-mediated pathologies and drug development including Alzheimer disease (AD). He is nationally and internationally reputed in his area

Abstract:

According to statistical reports by well-known authentic centers such as Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as the National Centre for Health, Alzheimer disease (AD) has surpassed cardiovascular, diabetes, and cancer as a leading cause of death. AD, the most common form of dementia, is an exasperating health disorder characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function. One of the biggest problems and challenges for the development of new drugs and treatment strategies against  different type of the cancer and AD is the crossing of target drugs the blood brain barrier. The use of nanoparticles in drug delivery therapy holds much promise in targeting remote tissues, and as a result many studies have attempted to study the ultrastructural localization of nanoparticles in various tissues.  However, there are currently no in vivo studies demonstrating the ultrastructural distribution of nanoparticles in the brain.  The aim of this study was to address how intraperitoneal  injection of silver nanoparticles in the brain leads to leaking on the inter-endothelial contact and luminal plasma membrane, thus elucidating the possibility of penetrating into the most affected areas in the cancer and Alzheimer brain (vascular endothelium, perivascular, neuronal and glial cells). Our results show that the silver nanoparticles reached the brain and were found in hippocampal areas, indicating that they can be conjugated and used to deliver the drugs into the cell cytoplasm of the damaged brain cells. The present study can be useful for the development of novel drug delivering therapy and useful in understanding the delivery, distribution and effects of silver nanoparticles in cancer and AD brain tissue at cellular and subcellular level.  

Biography:

O.A. is a distinguished Medicinal Chemist with numerous scientific peer-reviewed publications. He is the Deputy Principal Investigator for the cosmetic research group and Principal Researcher in other groups at the University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. He completed a postdoctoral research study in Chemoinformatics for drug development in 2016 at a German Institute in Berlin. He is an editor and reviewer to a peer-reviewed journal and also a editor of a reputable scientific journal

Abstract:

The maintenance of beautiful skin and hair is the desire of many people all over the world, thus, the application of safe and appropriate cosmetic products is inevitable. An innovative green synthetic route was adopted for the direct characterisation of some conventional and non-conventional tropical seeds which include Sebal causarium, Cola gigantea, Blighia sapida, Cordia sebestena, Daniellia oliveri, Elaeis guineensis, Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus paradise, Vitellaria paradoxa, Citrullus vulgaris, Mormodica charantea, Delonix regia, Moringa oleifera, Kigelia africana and Prosopis africana. The lipid, fatty acid methyl and butyl/isobutyl esters obtained via multistep and direct methyl/butylation were characterised using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The principle of green chemistry was further adopted for the preparation of natural antiseptic soaps which were fully plant-based, biodegradable and free of all artificial antibiotics, colourings, fragrance and preservatives. Ocimum basilicum served as source of fragrance as well as antiseptic agent. Physicochemical parameters which include colour, acid value, free fatty acid values, percentage yield, non-fatty matter, saponification values, hardness, pH, colour and foaming ability of the oils and saponified products were determined as applicable. The In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilisation activities of the oils and cosmetic products were determined using standard procedures. Daniellia oliveri oil contains 57% linolelaidic acid as the major fatty acid, while oleic acid (46%) and lauric acid (44%) were the most prominent in Vitellaria paradoxa and Elaeis guineensis respectively. Linoeladic acid was the most predominant in Citrullus vulgaris, Delonix regia and Prosopis africana. The natural cosmetics production was highly cost effective compared to commercial products

Biography:

F B Borokini is a Chemistry Lecturer and Researcher with over 16 years of postgraduate teaching and research experience in both secondary and tertiary institutions in Nigeria. She currently teaches chemistry in the Science Laboratory Technology Department, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. She had her Master of Technology in Analytical Chemistry and PhD in Food Chemistry from the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. She has served as the Departmental Course Adviser and the Faculty of Applied Science Representative in her institution. She is very resourceful and has some scientific publications in reputable journals

Abstract:

Plants are used traditionally, as medicine due to their antioxidant activity which is due to their ability to form secondary metabolites which are used to restore health and play important role in treatment of many diseases. The use of the plants, plant extracts and isolated bioactive compounds from natural sources has been a lead that provided the foundation to modern medicine. In Nigeria, extracts from the leaves of S. bicolor is commonly used in traditional medicine for treatment of ailments and as blood supplement. The phytochemicals screening of the aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts of the Sorghum bicolor showed the presence of some bioactive compounds. The aqueous extract indicated flavonoids and terpenoids and absence of alkaloid, saponin, tannin, steroid, anthraquinone and phlobatannin. However, saponin, tannin, flavonoid and terpenoid were found in the methanol extract while alkaloid, steroid, anthraquinone and phlobatanin were absent. The flavonoids and phenolic acids contained in the extract were investigated using Reverse-Phase HPLC-DAD and the concentrations of the identified phenolic compounds in mg/g were: Gallic acid (13.54 ±0.02), catechin (9.29±0.01), chlorogenic acid (13.48±0.01), caffeic acid (52.17±0.03), ellagic acid (32.64±0.02), rutin (41.28±0.01), isoquercitrin (16.71±0.02), quercitrin (83.52±0.03) quercetin (70.49±0.01) and kaempferol (71.16±0.01). The result in this study shows that the extract is rich in polyphenols with antioxidant potential and may validate the traditional medicinal use of the S. bicolor leaves extract.

Biography:

Patronilla Hasahya is a graduate student from Makerere university, Kampala, Uganda. She has worked with indigenous plants in the production of compounds with medical interest. She intends to pursue her Master’s degree in the field by working closely with traditional healer in order to get accurate information on the use of different plants and herbs in traditional medicine

Abstract:

Traditional medicine has been practiced globally for centuries. In Uganda and the entire sub Saharan Africa in general, a significant number of people seek help on traditional healers mostly because of its affordability and in cases of presumed failure of modern medicine. There are several compounds with great medical interest and more are to be discovered. Currently the scientific community has increased its search in compounds responsible for therapeutic effects. Although there are several methods to detect every single compound available in the crude extract as well as its possible biological effect, the cause effect trend can never be determined. One of the reasons being that the compound of interest which is taken as a crude extract in the traditional medicine could in conjugation with other compounds and therefore that might have synergistic or additive effects. Some of the challenges of traditional medicine include the lack of proper diagnostic system as well as dosage prescription. In addition, some plants and plant derived products are being used as generics to cure more than one disease. For example, plants such as Iboza riperia, Vernonia mygdalina and Leonotis neptotifolia are frequently used and well renown in central and Southern Africa and can be used to cure headaches, chest pain and even malaria. The purpose of this paper is to create a correlation between indigenous knowledge and belief systems in local communities in regards to the use of traditional medicine as well their met interest in increasing technological outlets as a competitive fashion to the modern medicine. This is mainly true to the rural communities who still consider modern medicine as an alien method of healing.

Biography:

Patronilla Hasahya is a graduate student from Makerere university, Kampala, Uganda. She has worked with indigenous plants in the production of compounds with medical interest. She intends to pursue her Master’s degree in the field by working closely with traditional healer in order to get accurate information on the use of different plants and herbs in traditional medicine

Abstract:

Traditional medicine has been practiced globally for centuries. In Uganda and the entire sub Saharan Africa in general, a significant number of people seek help on traditional healers mostly because of its affordability and in cases of presumed failure of modern medicine. There are several compounds with great medical interest and more are to be discovered. Currently the scientific community has increased its search in compounds responsible for therapeutic effects. Although there are several methods to detect every single compound available in the crude extract as well as its possible biological effect, the cause effect trend can never be determined. One of the reasons being that the compound of interest which is taken as a crude extract in the traditional medicine could in conjugation with other compounds and therefore that might have synergistic or additive effects. Some of the challenges of traditional medicine include the lack of proper diagnostic system as well as dosage prescription. In addition, some plants and plant derived products are being used as generics to cure more than one disease. For example, plants such as Iboza riperia, Vernonia mygdalina and Leonotis neptotifolia are frequently used and well renown in central and Southern Africa and can be used to cure headaches, chest pain and even malaria. The purpose of this paper is to create a correlation between indigenous knowledge and belief systems in local communities in regards to the use of traditional medicine as well their met interest in increasing technological outlets as a competitive fashion to the modern medicine. This is mainly true to the rural communities who still consider modern medicine as an alien method of healing.

Biography:

Abraham Fikru Mechesso has completed his MSc from the Addis Ababa University. He is an Assistant Professor at the Hawassa University, Ethiopia and a PhD Fellow at the kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea working on pharmacokinetics and medicinal plant researches. He has published more than 7 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

The leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. has been used traditionally for the treatment of wound in various parts of Ethiopia. However, the plant has not been explored scientifically for its wound healing activity. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the wound healing activity of methanol extract of Achyranthes aspera L. leaves. Incision and excision wounds were inflicted on albino rats of either sex, under diethyl ether anesthesia. Group I served as positive control and was treated with 1% silver sulphadiazine, group II, III, IV treated with simple ointment containing 2.5%, 5% and 10% (w/w) methanol extract of the leaves of Achyranthes aspera L., respectively, whereas group V served as negative control and was treated with simple ointment. All the animals were treated topically once a day. Wound healing potential was assessed with excision and incision wound model. Excision wound model was used to assess the change in percentage contraction of wound, epithelization time, DNA content and histological features whereas rats inflicted with the incision wounds were used to determine breaking strength. Based on the results of percentage wound contraction, the DNA content and epithelization time, all groups of rats treated with the extract showed significant (P<0.05) wound healing activity compared to group of rats treated with simple ointment (negative control) group. The difference in breaking strength was, however, significant (p<0.05) only for the 5% and 10% extract of Achyranthes aspera (w/w) ointment treated groups. Histological evaluation showed well organized epidermal layer, increased number of fibrocytes, remarkable degree of neovascularization and epithelization which was comparable to the standard on the 21^st day after treatment; especially in the 5% and 10% (w/w) extract treated group. The present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of the leaf extracts of Achyranthes aspera L. in the treatment of wound.

Biography:

He is currently working on a Ph.D. in molecular pharmacology and targets of herbal medicines at School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University.

Abstract:

Herba Siegesbeckiae (HS, Xixiancao in Chinese), a Chine medicinal herb, is commonly used by Chinese medicine doctors to treat joint inflammatory disorders such as arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is widely recognized as an essential element in the triggering of innate immunity and in initiating a cascade of pro-inflammatory events. However, the role of TLR-4 in anti-inflammatory effect of HS is not fully understood. This study aims to provide justification for clinical application of HS in treating inflammatory disorders by delineating the effects of HS in the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling cascades. In this study, HS was extracted using 50% ethanol. We observed that HS reduced the secretion of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and the respective mRNA expression regulated by the three transcription factors AP-1, NF-κB and IRF3. In addition, HS could also inhibit the secretion and mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators stimulated by MPLAs, a specific TLR-4 activator. Phosphorylation and nuclear protein levels of AP-1, NF-κB and IRF3 were decreased by HS treatment. Moreover, HS inhibited the activation/phosphorylation of MAPKs, IκB-α, IKKα/β, TAK1, TBK1, IRAK-1 and IRAK-4 signaling pathways. We also found that HS blocked the activation of TLR-4 signaling pathways by inhibiting LPS-TLR4 binding. Taken together, HS inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators through suppression of IRAK1/TAK1 and TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathways, and the binding of LPS to TLR-4 on macrophages

Biography:

Christine Ong’ayo Wangia is a senior lecturer in the Department of Pharmacology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology-Kenya.She completed her Bachelor of Pharmacy Degree from the University of Nairobi, Kenya and a Master’s Degree in Drug Assay (Department of Pharmacology) at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences-New Delhi.She is currently pursuing her PhD program in Medicinal Phytochemistry at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology.She has presented her research findings in both local and international conference (4^th Annual conference on medicinal plants and herbal products, Rockville-USA from 6^th September to 8^th September 2012).

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to determine the qualitative phytochemical constituents and anti-oxidant Activity of crude extracts from whole plant parts of Kenyan Ruellia species viz. Ruellia prostrata (RPM), Ruellia bignoniiflora (RBK) and Ruellia lineari-bracteolata (RLB). Kenyan Ruellia (Acanthaceae family) species are perennial creepers with widespread medicinal uses including analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. Sequential extraction by cold maceration was done using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Aqueous extraction was done by boiling. The phytochemical screening tests were based on visual observation of colour change and precipitate formation.  Antioxidant activity was performed based on the ability of the aqueous, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts to scavenge the free radicals produced by 2,2-Diphenyl-1- picryl hydrazyl (DPPH). Ascorbic acid was used as a reference standard. The tests were evaluated at eight concentrations (3.9, 7.8, 15.6, 31.3, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500ug/ml). The antioxidant activity of plant extracts and ascorbic acid increased with increase in concentration. Methanolic extract exhibited a higher antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values in (ug/ml) of 2.87(RLB), 20.58(RPM) and 24.44(RBK). Aqueous extracts revealed IC₅₀ values of 7.23 (RLB), 51.92(RPM) (and 66.42(RBK). The ethyl acetate extract showed a lower activity with IC₅₀ values of 22.26(RPM), 29.33(RLB) and 237.17(RBK). Ascorbic acid standard exhibited a comparable activity with IC₅₀ value of 2.11ug/ml. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and cardiac glycosides. Flavonoids and tannins are a major group of compounds that act as primary antioxidants. The presence of these compounds could attribute to their potent antioxidant activity.

Biography:

Ogbonna Shadrach Chidubem earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Biochemistry from the University of Jos, Nigeria. After his BSc in Biochemistry, he had a five year High School teaching experience in Chemistry from 2009 to 2014. He was not only involved in the academic teaching but served in the administration during which time he was the Head of Department of Science. He has taught with the Ejeme Senior Secondary School Delta State as a Member of the National Youth Service Corps 2009-2010, and was recognized by the Delta State Government for his contribution in HIV/AIDS awareness and voluntary testing among teenagers. He also taught with the Word of Faith Group of Schools Delta State Nigeria (2011-2012) and Cornerstone International School, Delta State, Nigeria (2012-2014) and was awarded Best Teacher with the CIS 2012 and has since then maintained a high level of performance with the said school before leaving the country to commence his medical career. He is currently a student of All Saints University School of Medicine in Commonwealth of Dominica. 

Abstract:

Plants have been used for medicinal purposes long before recorded history. Indigenous cultures like African and Native Americans use herbs in their healing rituals while others developed traditional medical systems in which herbal therapies were used. Medicinal herbals and their derived phytochemicals have gained increased recognition with regards to their use in cancer treatments. The fact that these herbs are natural, and could be absorbed naturally by the human body, with possible less toxic effect, gives credence to researches concerning their use in treatment of cancers. Clinical studies have reported beneficial effects of herbal medicines on the survival, quality of life of cancer patients, and on their immune systems, when these herbal medicines were used together with conventional medicine. This study reviewed some past clinical studies which looked into the use of herbal medicines for different cancer cases and the effect of herbal therapy against cancer cells. Literature is rich and evidences abound of the extent of the use of natural herbs for the treatment of cancers in countries like China, India, Nigeria and United States of America. This review documented the efficacy of such intervention and the probable improvement in the quality of life in these countries. Clear comparison of results in relation to success achieved, side effects and level of toxicity between orthodox medicine and herbal medicine were reviewed. Major research effort to understand the effect of these herbs in the treatment of cancer has been by randomized controlled trials. This study reviewed some recent studies on the mechanism of action of these herbs in certain cancer cells. It also reviewed the potential application of derived phytochemicals in development of cell-based cancer vaccine, safety of herbal anticancer compounds and chemo-preventive herbal compounds whose mechanism, biological response, and anticancer elements were studied. 

Biography:

Mr Vuyisile Samuel Thibane is a doctoral candidate in the Life Sciences department from the University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. He has a strong background in the agro-processing of medicinal plants and holds a masters degree in Biotechnology from the University of the Free State, South Africa. Mr Vuyisile Samuel Thibane has since authored 4 publications in reputable peer reviewed journals and co-authored 1 book chapter in a renowned publication. This upcoming young scientist has given a total of 7 talks (oral and poster) at both national and international scientific conferences.

Abstract:

The prolonged exposure of the skin to sun radiation can have undesired consequences, resulting in skin damage and darkening. Plant extracts that can offer protection to the skin are important in skin rehabilitation. Therefore, the aim of the study was to test plant extracts for their phytochemical potential and cosmetic potential. Extracts of 15 medicinal plants from the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa used for beauty and healthcare were evaluated for their total phenolic content, flavonoid content, anti-tyrosinase activity and absorption of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) light, used to calculate their sun protection factor (SPF). Methanolic extracts from Ruta graveolens L, Aloe ferox Mill, Ilex mitis (L.) Radlk, Cassipourea flanaganii (Schinz) Alston and Rorippa nasturtium (L.) Hayek had higher total phenolic content of 29.98 (0.40), 37.88 (0.19), 44.15 (0.14), 49.45 (0.21) and 53.86 (0.18) mg GAE/g, respectively. The flavonoid content was the highest for Plantago lanceolate L at 5.06 (0.14) mg CE/g. The percentage inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme ranged between 29 – 74% for all tested plant extracts. The photo protective effect of the plant extracts was exhibited by C. flanaganii, I. mitis, Arctotis arctotoides (L.f.) O. Hoffm and P. lanceolate with SPF values above 15. A number of the tested plant extracts showed good potential for use in cosmetic and their combined use can enhance their activity.

Biography:

Abstract:

Background: Many parents consider fever a disease with the continuation of fever phobia and overuse of antipyretics to reduce it.

Aims: Identifying Kuwaiti parent’s knowledge of their children’s fever and determining their patterns of use of over the counter antipyretics.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, in which 614 Kuwaiti mothers of well children aged between six month and five years were recruited. Data was collected over six-months from September 2015 to March 2016, using a self-administered questionnaire.

Results: A total of 614 mothers participated in the study, with a response rate of 94.5 per cent. Twenty-seven per cent (27%) (166) of mothers considered a temperature ≤38.5°C to be a high fever. Educational attainment significantly influenced mothers reports for high fever (F=4.68, df.=4, P=0.001, n=207). Almost all the mothers believed that fever could cause harm, and 48% (294) of them stated that fever is very harmful. Fifty-three per cent (53%) of mothers (309) would give antipyretic medication when body temperature is ≤38°C. Sixty-one per cent (375) of the mothers had alternated antipyretic paracetamol and ibuprofen. Forty-five per cent (274) of mothers think that antipyretics are without potential harm. Level of education had a positive impact on the perception of fever [χ2 (df=8)=70.68, p<0.001]. Usual practices targeted temperature reduction using antipyretics by 53.7%.

Conclusion: Mothers had a poor knowledge about fever. Fever phobia is widespread, with an overuse of antipyretics.

Biography:

Mr Murwa Kagisho is a doctoral student in the Department of Life Sciences from the University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Kagisho interest is on Agro-processing of medicinal and indigenous food crops. He hold a masters degree in Crop science where his focus area was Biological Nitrogen Fixation in leguminous crops. Mr Murwa has given talks in both local and international conferences and symposiums. 

Abstract:

Moringa oleifera Lam is the best known of the thirteen species of the genus Moringaceae. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of spacing and fertilizer on nutrient composition and phytochemicals in Moringa leaves. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with four replicates. N: P: K (16%) organic fertilizer was applied at five levels 0 (control), 200, 400, 600 and 800 kg/ha at spacings of 1x1 m and 1x1.5 m. Moringa dried leaves were analysed for calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, Boron. Sulphur, Magnesium, zinc, protein and vitamin C content. Total phenolics were measured by Folin-C while total flavonoids were quantified using the vanillin-HCl technique. This study showed that nutrient content, total phenolic and flavonoid contents varies with age, season and are also affected by cultivation practices. Total phenolics varied from 19.39 to 196.21 (mg/GAC/g) and the highest values were found at a treatment where 600 kg/ha fertilizer application at a spacing of 1x1.5 m at harvest 9. Total flavonoids ranged from 0.59 to 3.29 (mg CAT/g) with highest values found in treatment combinations where 600 kg/ha fertilizer rate with spacing of 1x1 m at harvest 8. Vitamin C content ranged from 33.2 to 183.6 mg/100g. This study showed that agronomic practices plays a major role on growth and quality of Moringa oleifera leaves.

Biography:

Poonam Sharma is currently working as Associate Professor at Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India. Her research interests are study of metal and pesticides toxicity in mammals including humans and its possible amelioration and natural antioxidants. She has recently initiated a project on study of aluminum toxicity among bauxite mine workers with emphasis on development of specific and early stage markers. She has undertaken 04 major research projects from Govt. of India in her area of research. She has 45 research publications and presented her research work at 35 conferences across the globe.

Abstract:

Synthetic pyrethroids have emerged as a new class of pesticides/insecticides, showing high efficacy in a wide range of insects and pests, low toxicity to mammals and rapid biodegradability. Recently, these molecules have been listed as endocrine-disrupting compounds, posing a threat to humans. The present study was performed to assess the endocrine disrupting potential of cypermethrin (Cyp) and possible protective role of Asteracantha longifolia (AL) extracts. Cyp exposure decreased epididymal sperm count and sperm motility and increased sperm abnormalities. It also increased testicular lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione S transferase (GST) levels and decreased glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). Testosterone (T), follicles stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and steroidogenic enzyme 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β HSD), 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β HSD) levels were also decreased. Histological findings also indicated that Cyp causes vacuolation in lumen and disorganization of Leydig and Sertoli cells. AL extracts successfully attenuated these adverse effects of Cyp and recovered the testicular architecture. The study suggested that AL ameliorated Cyp induced testicular possibly by enhancing antioxidant defense in testicular tissue and upregulating pituitary-gonadal hormones.

Biography:

Update Shortly

Abstract:

Khardungla (Ladakh) is a hot spot for medicinal plant collection by locals and traditional healers but the information on the diversity and abundance of plants is lacking which is important from the management point of view. Field surveys were carried out in Khardung La region to know the medicinal plant diversity and the current status of its collection. Information on vegetation parameters were collected through 9-hectare plots distributed across different landforms. Group discussions, informal meetings and questionnaire surveys were conducted with the plant collectors to assess the status of collection. Community structure of plants was assessed using standard vegetation sampling method. The study reveals that the area harbors more than 40 medicinal plants and receives a large number of plant collectors each year. Collection is done mainly for personal use however, commercial extraction was also evidenced. The collection method used by locals was destructive which might cause loss of diversity in this important habitat. 15 species has low frequency due to their habitat specificity while 8 of them had very rare occurrence. Indicator Species Analysis (ISA) resulted in 4 communities in different habitat. Low density and frequency of several species suggests that harvesting pressure in Khardung La is high and hence there is a need to develop species specific management plan to avoid local extinction

Biography:

Varun Vikas Vij has done M pharmacy in Pharmacology and pursuing PhD from Baba Farid University of Health Sciences Faridkot Punjab India and currently working as a Pharmacy Executive in Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana Punjab India. Mr. Vij has 11 years of experience in pharmaceutical industry (9 years in Pharmaceutical marketing and 2 years in Hospital pharmacy). He has 2 International publications. He has keen interest in Neuro Pharmacology.  

Abstract:

Neuropathic pain (NP) is defined as pain associated with damage or permanent alteration of the peripheral or central nervous system. Current drug treatment for the management of neuropathic pain associated with various adverse effects. The present study was designed to investigate the combined effect of acamprosate and baclofen in experimental model of peripheral Neuropathic pain in wistar rats. Material and Methods: Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injured (cci) of sciatic nerve in rats. A camprosate (100 and 200 mg/kg p.o) and baclofen (10 and 20 mg/kg p.o) was given in different groups for 14 days starting on 7th day post sciatic nerve ligation. Further combination of acamprosate(100 mg/kg p.o) and baclofen (10 mg/kg p.o) was also given to one group. On 1th, 3rd, 7th, 14thand 21stday behavioral parameters like mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed. Then animals were sacrificed on 22nd day and biochemical parameters (gsh, lpo, catalase, nitrite, sod) were assessed. Results: ligation of sciatic nerve significantly induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia with increase in oxidative stress (increase in lpo and nitrite) and decline of anti-oxidant enzyme levels (catalase, sod, gsh) in sciatic nerve homogenate. A camprosate (100 and 200 mg/kg p.o) and baclofen (10and 20 mg/kg p.o) attenuated all the behavioural and biochemical parameters alone and/or combination.

Biography:

Abstract:

Background & Objective: The side effects of NSAIDS drugs have caused increasing interest of scientists in herbal medicines as alternative treatment. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of seed and fruit of date palm hydroalcolic extracts, due to having antioxidants, was studied.

Materials & Methods: In this study, the extracts of date palm seed and fruit were prepared by maceration method in 70% alcohol. Eighty (80) male rats Wistar were divided into 10 groups of eight in each, 4 groups received different doses (100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of seed extract and 4 other groups received different doses (100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of fruits extract of the palm, and the positive control aspirin (300 mg/kg) and the negative control group saline (5 ml/kg) via injection intraperitoneally. Half an hour later, all animals received 100 µl of 1% carrageenan into the rats’ hind paw subcutaneous. The changes in rats paw edema was measured by plethysmometer every hour for five hours.

Results: The effect of all of the doses of date palm seed extract on edema were less than aspirin (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between the group that received 400 and 600 mg/kg date palm fruit extract when compared with aspirin group. The Dose 400 mg/kg of fruit extract showed the most anti-inflammatory effect and it was assigned as the best dose.

Conclusion: It is likely that with further studies on different model of animals and also on human model the palm fruit extract could be used for pain treatment.

Biography:

Mohammad Farzam has completed his PhD at the age of 35 years from Shiraz University of Iran.  He has published more than 55 papers in reputed journals 

Abstract:

Parkinson’s disease, which affects approximately 200 out of every 100,000 people, is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. The primary cause of the disease is progressive destruction of dopaminergic neurons in midbrain and impairment in GABA receptors. Today, there are various methods of treatment for patients with Parkinson. Most of them are medication therapies which have multiple complications. So, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of lycopene as an antioxidant and neuroprotective substance, on dopamine receptors and GABA neurons after induction of Parkinson’s disease. A total number of 105 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, in this study: Control group (healthy rats without receiving any material); patient group (one-way injection of 6-hydroxy dopamine (0.5 μL) into substantia nigra by Hamilton Needles to induce Parkinson’s disease); Sham group (one-way injection of ascorbic acid (0.02%) into substantia nigra); lycopene control group (gavage, lycopene (0.5 ml/kg)); treated group with lycopene (induction of Parkinson’s disease+gavage, lycopene (0.5 ml/kg)); treated group with anti-Parkinson medicine, Levodopa, (induction of Parkinson’s disease+intraperitoneally injection of Levodopa (10 ml/kg)); treated group with Levodopa and lycopene (induction of Parkinson’s disease+gavage administration of lycopene (0.5 ml/kg)+intraperitoneally injection of Levodopa (10 ml/kg)). 15, 30 and 60 days were considered as the sampling days. During these days, a number of 5 rats in each group were anesthetized and killed by human method and without pain. Then their brains were removed for tissue processing. After tissue processing and preparation of microscopic slides, the density of D1, D2 receptors and GABA neurons was histomorphometrically examined by immunohistochemistry method. Reduced number of D1, D2 receptors and GABA neurons in cerebral cortex and cerebellum was lower in patient groups compared with control group, in each of the three studied times, and there was no significant difference. While, the reduction was greater in thalamus, substantia nigra, amygdale and hippocampus, and there was a significant difference between control and patient groups (≤p 0.05). Increased number of D1, D2 receptors and GABA neurons in the treated groups in all organs and sampling days was more effective in the treated group with lycopene and levodopa compared with both separately treated groups with lycopene and levodopa. Increased number of D1, D2 receptors and GABA neurons in the treated groups only had significant difference in two organs, substantia nigra and amygdale, compared with the patient group (≤p 0.05). According to the obtained results, it can be stated that due to neuroprotective and anti-oxidant properties of lycopene extract, it reduces complications and somewhat improves Parkinson’s disease.