11^th International Conference and Exhibition on Pharmacology and Ethnopharmacology July 18-19, 2018 Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Mary Guendy Naguib Ghobrial was a Professor of Aquatic Plants in Hydrobiology Lab. Marine Environment Division. National Institute Of Oceanography & Fisheries (NIOF) – Ministry Of Scientific Research, Arab Republic Of Egypt (ARE). She did PhD in Botany, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University. She has published 21 research papers.

Chemical composition of the six selected macroalgal species (Colpomenia sinuosa, Padina pavonia, Sargassum linifolium, Pterocladiella capillacea, Caulerpa racemose, and Laurencia pinnatifidia) obtained from Alexandria coast of Egypt were investigated for proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, chlorophylls, total carotenoids, and total phenols. In addition, lipidsoluble, and water-soluble antioxidant, and anti-α-glucosidase activities were measured for these six macroalgal species. The ash contents varied from 11.2 to 35.4 % on a dry weight basis for P. capillacea and Laurencia pinnatifidia, respectively. The protein contents ranged from 5.63 % in brown macroalgae C. sinuosa to 8.73 % in P. pavonia. A relatively wide range in carbohydrate contents was observed (20.06 – 46.75 %) for the test algal species. The highest lipid percentage was found in green alga C. racemosa (5.91%) followed by brown algae P. pavonia (3.57%) and C. sinuosa (2.64%). The phenolic contents varied from 1.32 mg GAE/g for C. sinuosa to 4.00 mg GAE/g in P. pavonia. The lipid-soluble compounds exhibited higher antioxidant capacity (73.18 - 145.95 μM/g) than that of the water-soluble ones ranging from 24.83 μM/g in C. racemosa to 74.07 μM/g in S. linifolium. The most potent anti-α-glucosidase activity was observed for P. pavonia with IC50 of 17.12 μg/ml.

Mohammad Bagher Rezaee has extended his valuable service as a Professor in Research Institute Forests and Rangelands-Tehran-Iran. His international experience includes various programs, contributions and participation in different countries for diverse fields of study. His research interests as a Professor reflect in his wide range of publications in various national and international journals

Traditional uses in any step of our life have a sign; especially herbal medicine has been used by people from ancient times. The primary source of remedies is botanical though mineral materials and animals used. In Iran, from a long time ago a number of writings regarding Ethno-pharmacology are left by great physicians e.g. Avicenna or Ibn Sina. He has been described as the father of early modern medicine and Mohammad-e Zakariyya-ye Razi etc. Iran is located in the Middle East and played a key role in connecting various cultures and civilizations that existed along the Silk Road. Also, our traditional medicine had cited pharmaceutical dosage forms, e.g. powders, syrups, ointment, extracts, powders, mucilage’s, nectars, etc. Our botanists have led to the recognition of around 150 spontaneous families of Angiosperms containing 124 Dicotyledonous and 22 Monocotyledonous and 4 Gymnosperms families. Totally contain about 1450 genera and 8000 species which nearby 2000 species are endemic of Iran. In between, these are medicinal and aromatic plants used as herbal medicine in different states or ecologically zone in Iran as Tanacetum parthenium, Thymus vulgaris, Viola tricolor; Vitex agnus-castus, Salix alba, Papaver somniferum, and Plantago lanceolata there is used traditionally. Our ethnic pharmacology survey showed that medicinal plants are still widely used by the population in the most states in Iran where the study was conducted. In main report of treatment, the healers' consensus related to diseases is fairly high which gives an additional validity to the plants as a traditional remedy. As the use of herbal medicines has increased, so too have the reports of suspected toxicity and adverse events. So we mostly take care of using much of them and do not use without prescription. In this presentation I am going to present, The Phyto-chemical screening of some medicinal and aromatic plants, and traditionally patients consuming these plants as herbal remedies, like Chahar tokhm, Peganum harmala, Mainth, Punica granatum, Thymus spp, are reviewed.

Professor Daniel Motlhanka has completed his PhD in Pharmacognosy from King’s College, the University of London in the United Kingdom in 2005. He is currently the only Professor of Pharmacognosy in Botswana. A leading expert in ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies including isolation and identification of compounds from indigenous useful plants of Botswana. He is Head of Department of Basic Sciences at the Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources. He has published tremendously on Bioactivity profiles of medicinal and food plants of Botswana. Professor Motlhanka who is also a herbalist is an expert in plant-based extracts used to treat many ailments. He has made presentations in international conferences in Atlanta, South Carolina, North Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Manchester, London, Harrogate, Kent, Malaysia, India, Italy, Germany, Finland, Netherlands, Switzerland, Mauritius, Kenya, Pretoria, Durban, Capetown, Zambia and many seminars in Waterloo, London Bridge, St Thomas, Kew Gardens as well as a chain of local presentations in Botswana. Professor Motlhanka is a member of associations of Society of Economic Botany. Professor Motlhanka and his team in Botswana has formed an autonomous company “HERBS 4 YOU” that formulates and distributes herbal based products for hypertension, chronic fatigue, chronic joint pains, depression, diabetes and fertility improving formulations.

The aim of this study was to compare the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of roots and shoots of Cardiospermum corindum collected from two geographically distant regions of Botswana (Tswapong Hills and Kgale Hills). Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, reducing sugars, saponins, phytosterols, phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Analysis by thin layer chromatography revealed that both shoots and roots of plant collected from the two respective regions showed no differences in phytochemical constituents. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were quantitatively estimated. Total phenolic content measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method varied from 164.4±2.2 to 364.2±3.1mg/L (GAE) Gallic Acid Equivalents. The order of total phenol contents was [364.2±3.1](Roots from Tswapong Hills) > [356.0±4.5] (Roots from Kgale Hills) > [169.1±2.6](Shoots from Tswapong Hills) > [164.4±2.2mg/lGAE](Shoots from Kgale Hills). The total flavonoid contents as measured by aluminum chloride method varied from 56.7±1.1 to 124.1±1.5mg/L(QE) Quercetin Equivalents. The order of the total flavonoid contents were [124.1±1.5] (Shoots from Kgale Hills) > [118.8±2.6](Shoots from Tswapong Hills) > [63.3±1.6](Roots from Tswapong Hills) > [56.7±1.1mg/l QE](Roots from Kgale Hills). The antioxidant activity as determined by the DPPH radical scavenging assay revealed that, at all tested concentrations, root extracts exhibited greater (≥86%) scavenging potency than shoot extracts (≤83%). A direct correlation between total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity was revealed. This work has validated the use of this plant as a health-improving tool. However, structural identification of the bioactive constituents should be carried out.

Andrei L Gartel, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Medicine at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and is the academic editor of PLOS ONE. He is the author of 90 peer-review publications that include more than 20 reviews. He has more than 11,000 citations and his h-index is 41. His scientific interests include cancer, cell cycle, protein-protein interactions, regulation of CDK inhibitor p21 and regulation of oncogenic transcription factor FOXM1. Currently, his lab is interested in identification of new FOXM1 inhibitors. He received his funding from NIH, DOD and private companies/foundations.

Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is overexpressed in the majority of human cancers and its expression correlates with unfavorable prognosis. Since the FOXM1 regulatory network is a major predictor of adverse outcomes in human cancers, inactivation of FOXM1 by the FOXM1 inhibitors an attractive treatment strategy. Nucleophosmin (NPM) belongs to the nucleophosmin/nucleoplasmin family of chaperones, which are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells. FOXM1 interacts with NPM in human cancer cells and NPM knockdown in human cancer cells led to significant down-regulation of FOXM1. Our data suggest that in human cancer cells NPM interacts with FOXM1 and their interaction is required for sustaining the level and localization of FOXM1. In some cases of AML mutant NPM re-localizes to the cytoplasm. We found that improved outcome for AML patients with mutant NPM1 is linked to the cytoplasmic localization and consequent functional inactivation

of FOXM1 that driven by mutant NPM to the cytoplasm. This premise suggests that nuclear FOXM1 is one of the drivers for AML development. We identified two compounds that inhibit NPM/FOXM1 interaction and suppress FOXM1 expression in human cancer cell lines. In addition, these compounds synergize with different chemotherapeutic drugs. The compounds are predicted to bind at two sites on NPM homo-oligomerization domain and they would likely block NPM oligomerization. Therefore, by disrupting monomer-monomer interactions, they are also precluding binding of NPM and FOXM1. In addition, we found that honokiol and HSP70 bind to FOXM1 and inhibit its activity and expression. We hypothesize that since FOXM1 contributes to the progression and metastasis of human cancer, targeting FOXM1 with small molecules will improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients.